Airport lighting systems are vital for ensuring safe aircraft takeoffs, landings, and ground operations, even in low-visibility conditions or grid power failures. These systems include runway edge lights, taxiway lights, approach lights, and terminal apron lighting, all of which require uninterrupted power to comply with international aviation regulations (such as those set by the International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO). Lithium-ion energy storage batteries have become the preferred backup power solution for airport lighting due to their high reliability, compact size, and ability to deliver consistent power over extended periods—addressing the unique demands of airport environments, where downtime can lead to flight delays, safety risks, and significant economic losses.

A typical lithium-ion storage system for airport lighting consists of multiple battery modules connected in series and parallel to achieve the required voltage (often 24V, 48V, or 110V) and capacity (ranging from 200Ah to 1000Ah or more, depending on the size of the lighting zone). The system is integrated with a uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit, a BMS, and a charging system. The UPS ensures that power is  between grid and battery instantaneously (within 10-20 microseconds), meeting the ICAO requirement of zero power interruption for critical lighting systems. The BMS is programmed to monitor each battery cell’s performance, adjust charging rates based on temperature (airport environments can vary from -40°C in cold regions to 50°C in hot climates), and isolate faulty cells to prevent system failure. For example, LiFePO4 batteries are often chosen for their wide operating temperature range (-30°C to 60°C) and high thermal stability, reducing the risk of thermal runaway—a critical safety consideration in airport facilities.

In operation, the lithium-ion system charges during off-peak hours when grid demand is low, storing energy to be used during grid outages or peak demand periods. For instance, a medium-sized airport’s runway lighting system may require a 500Ah/48V LiFePO4 battery pack, which can provide continuous power for 10-15 hours—sufficient to cover most grid outages and allow time for backup generators to start (if available). Additionally, these battery systems can support energy efficiency initiatives in airports. By storing energy during low-tariff periods and using it to power lighting during high-tariff hours, airports can reduce electricity costs. They also integrate with renewable energy sources, such as solar panels installed on terminal roofs or parking structures, storing solar energy to power lighting systems, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Maintenance involves regular BMS software updates, annual capacity testing, and cleaning of battery enclosures to prevent dust accumulation—tasks that can be scheduled during airport off-peak hours to avoid disrupting operations. Overall, lithium-ion energy storage batteries ensure that airport lighting systems meet the strict safety and reliability standards of the aviation industry, while also contributing to sustainability goals.

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