The development of solid - state batteries (SSBs) is largely driven by the innovation of electrode materials, as these materials directly impact the battery's energy density, power performance, and cycle life. Traditional electrode materials face numerous challenges when used in solid - state systems, such as poor interface compatibility with solid electrolytes. To address this, researchers are exploring novel materials and modification strategies.

One of the significant areas of innovation is in high - capacity anode materials. Lithium - metal anodes show great promise due to their ultra - high theoretical specific capacity. However, in solid - state batteries, issues like lithium dendrite growth and unstable solid - electrolyte - interphase (SEI) formation still exist. Scientists are developing new coatings and additives for lithium - metal anodes. For example, applying a thin ceramic coating on the lithium anode can suppress dendrite growth by providing a physical barrier and guiding lithium ion deposition.

On the cathode side, high - nickel and high - voltage cathode materials are being further optimized for solid - state batteries. These materials can significantly increase the energy density of SSBs. However, they also suffer from problems such as poor conductivity and volume change during charging and discharging. To overcome these, nanocomposite cathode materials are being developed, which combine high - capacity active materials with conductive polymers or carbon - based materials to improve electron and ion transport.

In addition, research is also focused on developing new types of electrode materials from unconventional sources. For instance, materials derived from abundant and sustainable resources, like certain metal - organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives, are being investigated for their potential in solid - state battery electrodes. These innovative electrode materials not only aim to enhance the overall performance of solid - state batteries but also contribute to making the battery technology more environmentally friendly and cost - effective.

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