Basic knowledge of physical energy storage batteries

　　Physical energy storage batteries, as a new type of energy storage device, use physical principles to store and release electrical energy. Unlike traditional chemical batteries, physical energy storage batteries mainly rely on mechanical energy, electromagnetic energy and other forms to store electrical energy, and have advantages such as long lifespan, high safety, and fast charging and discharging.

　　Common physical energy storage batteries include flywheel energy storage batteries, superconducting magnetic energy storage batteries, and compressed air energy storage batteries. Flywheel energy storage batteries store electrical energy through high-speed rotating flywheels, superconducting magnetic energy storage batteries use superconducting coils to store magnetic field energy, and compressed air energy storage batteries store electrical energy through compressed gas.

　　The key performance indicators of physical energy storage batteries include energy density, power density, charge and discharge efficiency, and cycle life. Energy density refers to the energy that can be stored per unit mass or volume of energy storage batteries, power density refers to the energy released or absorbed by energy storage batteries per unit time, charge and discharge efficiency refers to the degree of energy loss during the charge and discharge process, and cycle life refers to the number of times energy storage batteries can maintain performance after repeated charge and discharge.

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