Basic knowledge of lead-acid battery energy storage

　　Lead acid battery energy storage technology, as a mature and widely used energy storage method, utilizes chemical reactions to store and release electrical energy. Lead acid batteries are mainly composed of a positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator, which store and release electrical energy through a chemical reaction between lead and sulfuric acid.

　　The working principle of lead-acid battery energy storage system is based on the electrochemical principle. The positive electrode material is lead dioxide, the negative electrode material is sponge shaped lead, and the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid. During the charging process, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and the positive and negative electrodes generate lead dioxide and lead, respectively; During the discharge process, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, and the positive and negative electrodes consume lead dioxide and lead respectively, generating lead sulfate and water.

　　The key performance indicators of lead-acid battery energy storage systems include capacity, voltage, charge and discharge efficiency, and cycle life. Capacity refers to the amount of electricity that a battery can output under certain discharge conditions, voltage refers to the potential difference between the two ends of the battery, charging and discharging efficiency refers to the degree of energy loss during the charging and discharging process, and cycle life refers to the number of times the battery can maintain its performance after repeated charging and discharging.

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