What are the main structural components of lithium-ion batteries?

　　The main components of lithium-ion batteries are: upper and lower covers, positive electrode sheet (active material is lithium cobalt oxide), separator (a special composite film), negative electrode (active material is carbon), organic electrolyte, battery shell (divided into steel shell and aluminum shell), etc.

　　It refers to the resistance that a battery experiences when current flows through its interior during operation. It consists of two parts: ohmic resistance and polarization resistance. A high internal resistance of the battery can lead to a decrease in the discharge voltage and a shortened discharge time. The magnitude of internal resistance is mainly influenced by factors such as battery material, manufacturing process, and battery structure. It is an important parameter for measuring battery performance. Note: Generally, the internal resistance in the charging state is used as the standard. The internal resistance of the battery needs to be measured with a dedicated internal resistance meter, not with a multimeter in the ohm range.

　　The nominal voltage of a battery refers to the voltage exhibited during normal operation, and the nominal voltage of a secondary nickel cadmium nickel hydrogen battery is 1.2V; The nominal voltage of secondary lithium batteries is 3.6V.

　　Open circuit voltage refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery when there is no current flowing through the circuit when the battery is not in operation. Working voltage, also known as terminal voltage, refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery when there is current in the circuit during operation.

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