lithium battery

　　Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable.

　　There are currently two types of lithium-ion batteries: liquid lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and polymer lithium-ion batteries (PLB). Among them, liquid lithium-ion batteries refer to secondary batteries with Li+embedded compounds as positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode uses lithium compounds lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide, while the negative electrode uses lithium carbon interlayer compounds. Lithium ion batteries are ideal energy carriers for the development of the 21st century due to their high working voltage, small size, light weight, high energy, no memory effect, no pollution, small self discharge, and long cycle life.

　　advantage

　　1. The energy is relatively high. It has a high storage energy density, reaching 460-600Wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries;

　　2. Long service life. The service life can reach more than 6 years, and the battery with lithium ferrous phosphate as the positive electrode can be charged and discharged at 1C (100% DOD), with a record of being able to be used 10000 times;

　　3. The rated voltage is high (the individual working voltage is 3.7V or 3.2V), which is approximately equal to the series voltage of three nickel cadmium or nickel hydrogen rechargeable batteries, making it easy to form a battery power pack; Lithium batteries can be adjusted to 3.0V through a new type of lithium battery voltage regulator technology, which is suitable for the use of small appliances;

　　4. It has high power endurance, among which the lithium iron phosphate battery used in electric vehicles can reach a charging and discharging capacity of 15-30C, facilitating high-intensity starting acceleration;

　　5. The self discharge rate is very low, which is one of the most prominent advantages of this battery. It can generally achieve less than 1% per month, less than 1/20 of nickel hydrogen batteries;

　　6. Lightweight, with a weight of approximately 1/6-1/5 of that of lead-acid products in the same volume;

　　7. It has strong adaptability to high and low temperatures and can be used in environments ranging from -20 ℃ to 60 ℃. After process treatment, it can be used in environments ranging from -45 ℃;

　　8. Green and environmentally friendly, regardless of production, use, or disposal, it does not contain or produce any toxic and harmful heavy metal elements and substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc;

　　9. Production basically does not consume water, which is very beneficial for China, which is short of water.

　　inferiority

　　1. Lithium primary batteries have poor safety and a risk of explosion.

　　2. Lithium ion batteries with lithium cobalt oxide cannot discharge at high currents, are expensive, and have poor safety.

　　3. Lithium ion batteries need to protect the circuit to prevent overcharging and discharging of the battery.

　　4. High production requirements and high costs.

　　5. The usage conditions are limited, and there is a high risk of high and low temperature use.

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