Memory Effect in Nickel - Metal Hydride Batteries

　　The memory effect, also known as battery memory, was once a significant concern in nickel - cadmium (Ni - Cd) batteries and is also present, although to a lesser extent, in Ni - MH batteries. The memory effect occurs when a battery appears to "remember" a partial charge - discharge cycle and gradually loses its ability to deliver its full capacity.

　　In Ni - MH batteries, if the battery is repeatedly charged and discharged within a narrow range of its capacity, the electrodes can develop a sort of "memory" of this limited usage pattern. For example, if a Ni - MH battery - powered device is always recharged when the battery is only 50% discharged, over time, the battery may start to behave as if its full capacity is only 50% of its original rating. This is because the chemical reactions in the battery become accustomed to the partial charge - discharge cycle.

　　However, compared to Ni - Cd batteries, Ni - MH batteries have a much reduced memory effect. Modern manufacturing techniques and improved electrode materials have mitigated this issue. To minimize the memory effect in Ni - MH batteries, it is recommended to perform a full charge - discharge cycle periodically. This can be done by fully discharging the battery until the device powered by it shuts down, and then fully recharging it. This helps to reset the battery's chemical state and restore its full capacity.

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