Common terms for lithium batteries

　　In the lithium battery industry, it is common to encounter friends discussing terms such as battery capacity, discharge rate, voltage, internal resistance, cycle life, remaining capacity SOC, etc.

　　a. Battery Capacity

　　Refers to the amount of electricity that can be obtained from lithium in a battery under certain discharge conditions.

　　We learned in high school physics that the formula for electricity is Q=I * t, measured in coulombs, and the unit of battery capacity is defined as Ah (ampere hour) or mAh (milliampere hour). The meaning is that a 1AH battery can be discharged for 1 hour with a current of 1A when fully charged.

　　The battery of an Apple phone is usually around 2000mAh, the lithium battery of an electric bicycle is usually around 8-15Ah, the battery of an electric car is usually around 20-200Ah, and the electric car e6 of BYD has a 200Ah battery cell.

　　b. Charge Rate/Discharge Rate

　　It represents the amount of current used for charging and discharging, usually calculated as a multiple of the nominal capacity of the battery, commonly referred to as several degrees Celsius.

　　For a battery with a capacity of 1500mAh, 1C is specified as 1500mAh. If discharged at 2C, it is discharged with a current of 3000mA, and charged and discharged at 0.1C, it is charged and discharged with a current of 150mA.

　　c. Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)

　　The voltage of a battery generally refers to the nominal voltage (also known as the rated voltage) of a lithium battery. The nominal voltage of a regular lithium battery is generally 3.7V, and we also refer to its voltage plateau as 3.7V. The voltage we usually refer to is the open circuit voltage of the battery.

　　When the battery has a capacity of 20~80%, the voltage is concentrated at around 3.7V (3.6~3.9V), and if the capacity is too high or too low, the voltage changes greatly.

　　d. Energy/Power

　　The battery discharges according to a certain standard, and the energy (E) that the battery can release is measured in Wh (watt hours) or KWh (kilowatt hours), with an additional 1KWh=1 kWh of electricity.

　　There are basic concepts in physics books, E=U * I * t, which is also equal to the battery voltage multiplied by the battery capacity.

　　The formula for power is P=U * I=E/t, which represents the amount of energy that can be released per unit time. The unit is W (watts) or KW (kilowatts).

　　A battery with a capacity of 1500mAh typically has a nominal voltage of 3.7V, corresponding to an energy of 5.55Wh.

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