Principles of Energy Storage Batteries

　　The lithium battery energy storage system mainly consists of battery packs, battery management systems (BMS), charging devices, and cooling systems. The battery pack is the core part of the system, consisting of multiple lithium batteries in series and parallel, responsible for storing and releasing energy. BMS monitors and manages the battery pack to ensure safe operation of the system. The charging device is responsible for charging the battery pack, while the cooling system is used to keep the battery pack within the appropriate temperature range.

　　The charging and discharging process of lithium batteries is achieved through the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. When charging, electrons are transferred from the external circuit to the negative electrode, and lithium ions enter the electrolyte from the positive electrode, pass through small holes in the separator inside the battery, and finally combine with electrons to achieve charging. During discharge, electrons are transferred from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through electronic devices, while lithium ions enter the electrolyte from the negative electrode, pass through small holes in the separator, and finally combine with electrons to achieve discharge.

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