Working principle of electrochemical energy storage battery

　　Electrochemical energy storage battery is a device that stores and releases electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. Its basic working principle involves two main processes: charging and discharging.

　　During the charging process, an external power source inputs electrical energy into the battery, causing ions in the electrolyte to move from one electrode to another. For example, in lithium-ion batteries, lithium ions migrate from the cathode (positive electrode) to the anode (negative electrode) through the electrolyte, and combine with electrons at the anode to form stable compounds. At the same time, electrons flow to the anode through an external circuit, forming an electric current.

　　During the discharge process, the chemical reactions inside the battery reverse. Lithium ions migrate from the anode to the cathode again, and electrons flow to the cathode through an external circuit, thereby generating an electric current. This process can be repeated multiple times to enable electrochemical energy storage batteries to have the ability for cyclic use.

　　In addition to lithium-ion batteries, there are various types of electrochemical energy storage batteries such as lead-acid batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, and sodium ion batteries, each with their own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for different application scenarios. But regardless of the type of battery, its core is to store and release energy through electrochemical reactions, providing reliable power support for various devices.

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