Household energy storage batteries are an important part of the household photovoltaic energy storage system, and their performance and service life are greatly affected by temperature, which is closely related to the user's energy supply stability and economic benefits. Unlike industrial energy storage systems, household energy storage batteries are usually installed in indoor or outdoor wall-mounted, floor-mounted, or ceiling-mounted positions, and their operating temperature is easily affected by the ambient temperature, seasonal changes, and indoor heating and cooling equipment, so understanding the temperature impact is crucial for the rational use and maintenance of household energy storage batteries.

High temperature has a significant negative impact on household energy storage batteries. When the ambient temperature exceeds 35°C, the activity of the battery's positive and negative electrode materials will increase abnormally, leading to accelerated decomposition of the electrolyte. This not only reduces the battery's charge-discharge capacity and efficiency but also generates a large amount of heat during the reaction, forming a "thermal runaway" risk. For example, lithium-ion household energy storage batteries, when operating at a high temperature of 50°C for a long time, their cycle life will be reduced by more than 50%, and in severe cases, the battery shell may swell, leak, or even catch fire. In addition, high temperature will also accelerate the aging of the battery's separator and shell, reducing the battery's insulation performance and safety. In summer, when the outdoor temperature is high, household energy storage batteries installed outdoors should be shaded to avoid direct sunlight, and ensure good ventilation to reduce the operating temperature.

Low temperature also has an obvious inhibitory effect on the performance of household energy storage batteries. When the temperature is lower than 0°C, the viscosity of the battery electrolyte will increase, the ion migration speed will slow down, and the battery's charging and discharging capacity will drop significantly. For example, when the temperature is -10°C, the discharge capacity of a lithium-ion household energy storage battery may only be 60% to 70% of that at room temperature, which cannot meet the household's peak power demand. At the same time, charging the battery at low temperatures is more dangerous: the lithium ions in the electrolyte are difficult to intercalate into the electrode, which will cause lithium plating on the surface of the negative electrode. Lithium plating not only reduces the battery's capacity but also may puncture the separator, leading to a short circuit and safety accidents. Therefore, in winter, especially in cold areas, household energy storage batteries installed outdoors should be equipped with heating devices, or installed indoors to avoid being affected by low temperatures.

The optimal operating temperature range for household energy storage batteries is usually 20°C to 30°C. Within this range, the battery can maintain the best charge-discharge efficiency and cycle life, and the safety is also the highest. Therefore, when installing household energy storage batteries, users should choose a suitable location, avoid installing them in areas with extreme temperature changes (such as near air conditioners, heaters, or outdoor direct sunlight), and regularly check the operating temperature of the battery to ensure that it operates within the optimal range. In addition, some high-quality household energy storage battery systems are equipped with intelligent temperature control functions, which can automatically adjust the operating temperature of the battery, further improving the stability and service life of the battery.