Solid - state sodium batteries (SSSBs) have gained increasing attention as an alternative to lithium - based batteries due to the abundant and low - cost nature of sodium resources. In recent years, significant technological advances have been made in this field.

　　One of the key areas of progress is in the development of suitable solid - state electrolytes for SSSBs. Similar to SSLBs, the choice of solid - state electrolyte is crucial for the performance of SSSBs. Inorganic sodium - ion - conducting electrolytes, such as NASICON (sodium superionic conductor) - type materials, have shown great potential. Researchers have been optimizing the composition and structure of NASICON - type electrolytes to improve their ionic conductivity and chemical stability. For example, by doping with different elements, the ionic conductivity of NASICON - type electrolytes can be enhanced, and their compatibility with sodium - based electrodes can be improved.

　　In terms of electrode materials, for the cathode, sodium - rich transition - metal - oxide cathodes, such as sodium nickel - manganese - oxide (NaNiMnO₂) and sodium cobalt - oxide (NaCoO₂), are being actively studied. Scientists are working on improving the energy density and cycle stability of these cathodes through methods like surface modification and crystal structure optimization. For the anode, while metallic sodium has a high theoretical capacity, its dendrite growth problem is even more severe in solid - state systems compared to lithium. To address this, carbon - based anodes, such as hard - carbon anodes, are being explored as more stable alternatives. These anodes can reversibly store and release sodium ions without the risk of dendrite - induced short - circuits.

　　Another important advance in SSSBs is in the fabrication process. New manufacturing techniques, such as thin - film deposition and 3D printing, are being investigated to fabricate high - quality solid - state sodium batteries with precise control over the electrode - electrolyte interfaces. These techniques can potentially reduce the internal resistance of the battery and improve its overall performance.

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