The UN38.3 test is a globally recognized set of safety tests for lithium - ion and sodium - ion batteries, especially those intended for transportation. For sodium - ion batteries, passing the UN38.3 test is crucial as it ensures the safety of these batteries during shipping by air, sea, or land. This test standardizes a series of rigorous evaluations to identify potential safety hazards associated with battery transportation.

The UN38.3 test for sodium - ion batteries consists of multiple test procedures. First, the battery cells or battery packs are subjected to a vibration test. This simulates the vibrations that batteries may experience during transportation, such as on a moving truck or an aircraft. The purpose is to ensure that the internal components of the sodium - ion batteries remain intact and that there are no loose connections or damage that could lead to short - circuits or other safety issues.

Next, the batteries undergo a shock test, which exposes them to sudden impacts similar to those that might occur during handling or accidental drops. This test verifies the battery's ability to withstand mechanical stress without compromising its safety. Thermal tests are also an important part of the UN38.3 test. Sodium - ion batteries are tested under different temperature conditions, both high and low, to assess their performance and safety. Extreme temperatures can affect the chemical reactions within the batteries, and the test ensures that the batteries do not overheat, catch fire, or explode under such conditions.

The altitude simulation test is another key component. It replicates the reduced air pressure experienced during air transportation. Sodium - ion batteries need to be able to withstand these pressure changes without leakage of gases or electrolyte, as well as maintain their structural integrity. Additionally, the external short - circuit test and the overcharge test are conducted. The external short - circuit test simulates a situation where the battery terminals are accidentally connected, while the overcharge test assesses the battery's response to excessive charging. By passing all these tests, sodium - ion batteries prove their safety for transportation, allowing them to be shipped globally and facilitating their integration into various energy storage and portable device applications.

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