Mitigating risks associated with lithium battery use requires a combination of proper handling, maintenance, and technological safeguards. Firstly, using a high-quality battery management system (BMS) is critical. A BMS monitors parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real-time, preventing overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating—key factors that trigger thermal runaway. It can also balance cell voltages within a battery pack, ensuring uniform performance and extending the battery’s lifespan.

Proper charging practices are essential. Users should always employ the manufacturer-recommended charger, as incompatible chargers may deliver incorrect voltage or current, damaging the battery. Charging should be done in well-ventilated areas away from flammable materials, and batteries should never be left unattended during charging, especially overnight. Avoiding extreme temperatures is another vital step; lithium batteries should be stored and used in environments between 20°C and 25°C, as exposure to temperatures above 60°C or below -20°C can degrade performance and increase safety risks.

Physical protection is equally important. Batteries should be shielded from mechanical damage, such as punctures, drops, or crushing, which can cause internal short circuits. For large battery packs, such as those in EVs or energy storage systems, installing thermal insulation and fire suppression systems adds an extra layer of safety. Regular inspection for signs of swelling, leakage, or corrosion is necessary, and damaged batteries should be disposed of following local regulations to prevent environmental hazards and potential fires.

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