In the transmission and distribution side of the power system, electrochemical energy storage batteries offer significant advantages that contribute to the overall efficiency, reliability, and flexibility of the grid. One of the key applications is in relieving congestion in the transmission and distribution networks. As the demand for electricity grows and more renewable energy sources are integrated into the grid, certain sections of the transmission and distribution lines may become overloaded.

Electrochemical energy storage batteries can be strategically installed in these congested areas. They can store electricity during off - peak hours when the grid has spare capacity and release it during peak hours when the lines are under heavy load. For instance, in urban areas where electricity consumption surges during the evening due to residential and commercial activities, energy storage systems located in the local distribution network can supply additional power, reducing the stress on the transmission lines and preventing power outages caused by congestion.

Moreover, these batteries enhance the reliability of the distribution network. In case of a fault or outage in a part of the transmission or distribution system, energy storage systems can act as backup power sources. They can continue to supply electricity to critical loads such as hospitals, emergency services, and data centers until the fault is repaired, minimizing the impact of power disruptions on society.

Another important role is in voltage regulation. Maintaining a stable voltage level across the transmission and distribution network is essential for the proper functioning of electrical equipment. Electrochemical energy storage batteries can adjust their power injection or absorption to control the voltage. When the voltage is too low, the batteries inject reactive power into the grid to raise the voltage. When the voltage is too high, they absorb reactive power, ensuring that the voltage remains within the acceptable range for all connected devices.

Furthermore, energy storage on the transmission and distribution side enables the deferral of infrastructure upgrades. Instead of immediately building new transmission lines or upgrading existing ones to meet increasing power demands, energy storage systems can be deployed as a more cost - effective and flexible solution in the short to medium term.

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