The nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) energy storage battery, since its invention in 1899 by Waldemar Jungner, has been the subject of continuous patent - related technological advancements. These patents span a wide range of aspects, from electrode manufacturing to overall battery performance improvement.

　　One significant area of patent technology is in electrode materials. Patents have been issued for new methods of manufacturing nickel hydroxide cathodes and cadmium anodes to enhance their electrochemical performance. For example, some patents focus on improving the purity and crystal structure of nickel hydroxide in the cathode. By optimizing the manufacturing process, a more stable and efficient cathode can be produced. This not only increases the battery's capacity but also improves its cycle life. Through precise control of the synthesis conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time, the performance of nickel hydroxide cathodes can be significantly enhanced.

　　In terms of the cadmium anode, patents aim to address issues like dendrite formation during charging and discharging. Dendrites can pierce the separator between the electrodes, causing short - circuits and reducing the battery's lifespan. Some patented techniques involve adding certain additives to the cadmium electrode material or modifying its surface morphology. These modifications can effectively inhibit dendrite growth, ensuring the long - term stable operation of the battery.

　　Another important aspect of Ni - Cd battery patent technology is related to the electrolyte. Patents often focus on developing new alkaline electrolyte formulations. For instance, some patents propose adding specific salts or organic compounds to the traditional potassium hydroxide electrolyte. These additives can improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, which in turn enhances the charge - transfer rate within the battery. A more conductive electrolyte allows for faster charging and discharging processes, making the Ni - Cd battery more suitable for applications that require high - power output.

　　Furthermore, patents also cover battery packaging and safety features. There are patents for improved battery casings that are more resistant to physical damage and can better prevent electrolyte leakage. Additionally, safety - related patents include the development of over - charge and over - discharge protection mechanisms. These mechanisms can automatically cut off the charging or discharging process when abnormal conditions are detected, protecting the battery from damage and reducing the risk of safety hazards.

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